DDL DML DCL TCL

1. DDL (Data Definition Language; 데이터 정의 언어)
   1. - CREATE TABLE
   2. - ALTER TABLE
   3. - DROP TABLE
   4. - CREATE INDEX
   5. - ALTER INDEX
   6. - DROP INDEX
2. DML (Data Manipulation Language; 데이터 조작 언어)
   1. - SELECT
   2. - SELECT INTO
   3. - INSERT
   4. - DELETE
   5. - UPDATE
   6. - CREATE SEQUENCE
   7. - ALTER SEQUENCE
   8. - DROP SEQUENCE
3. DCL (Data Control Language : 데이터 제어 언어)
   1. - CREATE USER
   2. - ALTER USER
   3. - GRANT
4. TCL (Transaction Control Language; 트랜잭션 제어 언어)
   1. - COMMIT
   2. - ROLLBACK

DDL (Data Definition Language; 데이터 정의 언어)

CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE [table name] (

   <column-name-1> <type> ,
   <column-name-2> <type> ,
            ...           ,
   <column-name-n> <type>

);

ALTER TABLE -- ADD COLUMN ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD ( <column-name-1> <type>, ...<column-name-n> <type> );

-- MODIFY COLUMN ALTER TABLE <table-name> MODIFY ( <column-name-1> <new-type> );

-- DROP COLUMN ALTER TABLE <table-name> DROP COLUMN <column-name>;

DROP TABLE DROP TABLE <table-name>;

CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX <index-name> ON <table-name> (

   <column-name-1>, <column-name-2>, ..., <column-name-n>

);

ALTER INDEX -- COLLECTING STATISTICS ON INDEX ALTER INDEX <index-name> REBUILD COMPUTE STATISTICS;

-- RENAME INDEX ALTER INDEX <index-name> RENAME TO <new-index-name>;

DROP INDEX DROP INDEX <index-name>;

DML (Data Manipulation Language; 데이터 조작 언어)

SELECT SELECT

   <column-name-1>, <column-name-2>, ..., <column-name-n>

FROM

   <table-name-1>, <table-name-2>, ..., <table-name-n>

WHERE

   <condition-expr>

GROUP BY

   <grouping-column-name-1>, ..., <grouping-column-name-n>

HAVING

   <grouping-expr>

ORDER BY

   <order-column-name-1>, ..., <order-column-name-n>

SELECT INTO SELECT

   <column-name-1>, <column-name-2>, ..., <column-name-n>

INTO

   <new-table-name>

FROM

   <table-name-1>, <table-name-2>, ..., <table-name-n>

WHERE

   <condition-expr>

GROUP BY

   <grouping-column-name-1>, ..., <grouping-column-name-n>

HAVING

   <grouping-expr>

ORDER BY

   <order-column-name-1>, ..., <order-column-name-n>

INSERT -- INSERT ALL VALUES INSERT INTO <table-name> VALUES ( <value-1>, ..., <value-n> );

-- INSERT SOME VALUES INSERT INTO <table-name> ( <column-name-1>, ..., <column-name-n> ) VALUES ( <value-1>, ..., <value-n> );

DELETE DELETE FROM <table-name>

     WHERE <cond-expr>;

UPDATE UPDATE <table-name>

  SET <column-name>=<value>
WHERE <cond-expr>

CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE SEQUENCE <sequence-name>

      MINVALUE <min-value>
      MAXVALUE <max-value>
    START WITH <start-value>
  INCREMENT BY <step-value>
         CACHE <cache-value>

ALTER SEQUENCE -- ALTER MINVALUE ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence-name> MINVALUE <new-min-value>;

-- ALTER MAXVALUE ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence-name> MAXVALUE <new-max-value>;

-- ALTER INCREMENT ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence-name> INCREMENT BY <new-step-value>;

-- SET CYCLE OR NOCYCLE ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence-name> <CYCLE | NOCYCLE>;

-- ALTER CACHE ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence-name> CACHE <new-cache-value>;

DROP SEQUENCE DROP SEQUENCE <sequence-name>;

DCL (Data Control Language; 데이터 제어 언어)

CREATE USER CREATE USER <user-name> IDENTIFIED BY <user-password>;

ALTER USER ALTER USER <user-name> IDENTIFIED BY <new-user-password>;

GRANT GRANT <privilege> TO <user-name>;

TCL (Transaction Control Language; 트랜잭션 제어 언어)

COMMIT COMMIT;

ROLLBACK ROLLBACK;